Of course you're
never just trading off
two goods.
But we're gonna write
our models like you are.
And it's going to turn
out that gives you
all the intuition
you need for a model
with this three or
four goods.
It's just a lot
easier math.
So it turns out everything
you learn in the models
of two goods tells you
everything you need to
know for a model with
goods just with easier
math. So that's the kind
of simplifying assumption.
That's fairly non-offensive
simplifying assumption because it doesn't really change anything.
We'll make other simplifying
assumptions which are noxious
and offensive and we'll talk
about those. And if you are
offended by them and bothered
It's just a lot easier math
So it turns out everything
you learn in the model
of two goods tells you
everything you need to
know for a model with
goods
just with easier math.
So that's the kind
of simplifying
assumption
That's a fairly
non-offensive simplifying
assumption
because it doesn't
really change
anything
We'll make other
simplifying assumptions
which are noxious
and offensive,
and we'll talk
about those.
And if you are offended
by them and bothered,
and want to see
what happens without
those assumptions,
then that's exactly
why you should be an
economics major
Because that's what
we go on and do in
the rest of the classes
Say, OK, now let's
move on from these
simplified models,
add some richness
and see what it does
to the world.
The statistician George
Box once wrote that
all models are wrong,
but some are useful.
OK? and that's exactly
what we're going to try
to work with today
When I teach you
economics, I'm going
to try to teach it
to you on three
levels.
The first is what MIT is,
mathematical.
The second is graphical,
and the third is intuitive.
Really, if you want to
succeed in this class,
you need to understand
all three.
Now, not every model
will I use all three,
but you want to understand
all three of those concepts
to really understand
the material we're
learning here
Tentu saja, dalam kenyataannya kita tidak hanya membandingkan dua jenis barang. Namun, kita akan menulis model seolah-olah hanya ada dua barang. Dan ternyata, cara itu akan memberikan Anda semua intuisi yang diperlukan untuk memahami model dengan tiga atau empat barang. Hanya saja, perhitungannya jauh lebih sederhana.
Jadi, semua hal yang Anda pelajari dari model dua barang sebenarnya sudah cukup untuk memahami model dengan lebih banyak barang, tetapi dengan matematika yang lebih mudah. Inilah yang disebut asumsi penyederhanaan — dan ini termasuk asumsi yang cukup “tidak berbahaya” karena tidak benar-benar mengubah esensinya.
Nanti kita juga akan membuat asumsi penyederhanaan lain yang bisa dibilang mengganggu dan “menyinggung”, dan kita akan membahasnya. Kalau Anda merasa terganggu atau tidak setuju dengan asumsi-asumsi tersebut, dan ingin melihat bagaimana hasilnya jika asumsi itu dihilangkan, maka itulah alasan tepat mengapa Anda sebaiknya menjadi mahasiswa ekonomi. Karena di kelas-kelas lanjutan, kita memang mempelajari hal itu — berangkat dari model yang disederhanakan, lalu menambahkan unsur-unsur yang lebih kaya, dan melihat dampaknya pada dunia nyata.
Seorang ahli statistik bernama George Box pernah menulis, “Semua model itu salah, tetapi sebagian berguna.” Nah, itu persis yang akan kita coba gunakan hari ini.
Saat saya mengajarkan ekonomi, saya akan mencoba menyampaikannya pada tiga tingkatan:
-
Matematis – seperti yang diajarkan di MIT.
-
Grafis – menggunakan visualisasi.
-
Intuitif – agar konsepnya terasa masuk akal.
Kalau Anda ingin berhasil di kelas ini, Anda harus memahami ketiganya. Memang tidak semua model akan menggunakan ketiga pendekatan tersebut, tetapi untuk benar-benar menguasai materi, Anda perlu memahami seluruh aspek ini.
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