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Prof Jonathan Gruber (6) - The Economics and Simplifying Assumption

 

Of course you're never just trading off two goods. But we're gonna write our models like you are. And it's going to turn out that gives you all the intuition you need for a model with this three or four goods. It's just a lot easier math. 

So it turns out everything you learn in the models of two goods tells you everything you need to know for a model with goods just with easier math.  So that's the kind of simplifying assumption. 

That's fairly non-offensive simplifying assumption because it doesn't really change anything. We'll make other simplifying assumptions which are noxious and offensive and we'll talk about those. And if you are offended by them and bothered It's just a lot easier math So it turns out everything you learn in the model of two goods tells you everything you need to know for a model with goods just with easier math. So that's the kind of simplifying assumption That's a fairly non-offensive simplifying assumption because it doesn't really change anything We'll make other simplifying assumptions which are noxious and offensive, and we'll talk about those. And if you are offended by them and bothered, and want to see what happens without those assumptions, then that's exactly why you should be an economics major Because that's what we go on and do in the rest of the classes Say, OK, now let's move on from these simplified models, add some richness and see what it does to the world. The statistician George Box once wrote that all models are wrong, but some are useful. OK? and that's exactly what we're going to try to work with today When I teach you economics, I'm going to try to teach it to you on three levels. The first is what MIT is, mathematical. The second is graphical, and the third is intuitive. Really, if you want to succeed in this class, you need to understand all three. Now, not every model will I use all three, but you want to understand all three of those concepts to really understand the material we're learning here

Tentu saja, dalam kenyataannya kita tidak hanya membandingkan dua jenis barang. Namun, kita akan menulis model seolah-olah hanya ada dua barang. Dan ternyata, cara itu akan memberikan Anda semua intuisi yang diperlukan untuk memahami model dengan tiga atau empat barang. Hanya saja, perhitungannya jauh lebih sederhana.

Jadi, semua hal yang Anda pelajari dari model dua barang sebenarnya sudah cukup untuk memahami model dengan lebih banyak barang, tetapi dengan matematika yang lebih mudah. Inilah yang disebut asumsi penyederhanaan — dan ini termasuk asumsi yang cukup “tidak berbahaya” karena tidak benar-benar mengubah esensinya.

Nanti kita juga akan membuat asumsi penyederhanaan lain yang bisa dibilang mengganggu dan “menyinggung”, dan kita akan membahasnya. Kalau Anda merasa terganggu atau tidak setuju dengan asumsi-asumsi tersebut, dan ingin melihat bagaimana hasilnya jika asumsi itu dihilangkan, maka itulah alasan tepat mengapa Anda sebaiknya menjadi mahasiswa ekonomi. Karena di kelas-kelas lanjutan, kita memang mempelajari hal itu — berangkat dari model yang disederhanakan, lalu menambahkan unsur-unsur yang lebih kaya, dan melihat dampaknya pada dunia nyata. 

Seorang ahli statistik bernama George Box pernah menulis, “Semua model itu salah, tetapi sebagian berguna.” Nah, itu persis yang akan kita coba gunakan hari ini.

Saat saya mengajarkan ekonomi, saya akan mencoba menyampaikannya pada tiga tingkatan:

  1. Matematis – seperti yang diajarkan di MIT.

  2. Grafis – menggunakan visualisasi.

  3. Intuitif – agar konsepnya terasa masuk akal.

Kalau Anda ingin berhasil di kelas ini, Anda harus memahami ketiganya. Memang tidak semua model akan menggunakan ketiga pendekatan tersebut, tetapi untuk benar-benar menguasai materi, Anda perlu memahami seluruh aspek ini.

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