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Prof Jonathan Gruber (8) - The Market, Market of roses, and Demand Curve


Let's talk about the graphics and the math. So now let's talk about an example of a supply demand model. And let's focus on the market for roses. 

What is a market? A market is what it sounds like. It's buyers and sellers coming together. A market is a place where buyers and sellers come together to make transactions. Think of it like the old timey markets of ancient England, where literally the only way to transact was physically being in the same place where the buyers and sellers would come to market once a week, and the people who bring their cows and people who wanted milk would come in, or meat, would come in and they would transact. Think of the market that way.

Now, of course, that's not how the modern market works. But that's the way we want you to intuitively think of a market, is literally a place where buyers and sellers are interacting. And it turns out that intuition will work, even given the modern economy. 

Let's talk about the market for roses. In figure 1.1, we have the market for roses. On the x-axis, the horizontal axis, we have the quantity of roses. 

I'm gonna, by the way, try to have handouts for all the graphs because my handwriting is so brutal. So you shouldn't have to see-- hopefully, if all goes well this semester, you should never see me draw a graph on the board.

So on the x-axis, we have the quantity of roses. On the y-axis, we have the price of roses. The demand curve represents the relationship between price and quantity from the consumer's perspective. 


Sekarang mari kita bahas grafik dan matematika. Jadi, mari kita ambil contoh sebuah model penawaran dan permintaan, dan kita fokus pada pasar bunga mawar. 

Apa itu pasar? 
Pasar adalah seperti namanya: tempat bertemunya pembeli dan penjual..
 
Pasar adalah tempat di mana pembeli dan penjual bertemu untuk melakukan transaksi. Bayangkan pasar tradisional di Inggris kuno, di mana satu-satunya cara untuk bertransaksi adalah dengan benar-benar hadir di tempat yang sama. Seminggu sekali, orang-orang membawa sapi ke pasar, dan orang lain datang mencari susu atau daging untuk dibeli. Itu adalah gambaran pasar.

Tentu saja, pasar modern tidak seperti itu lagi. Tetapi untuk memudahkan pemahaman, kita bayangkan pasar sebagai tempat di mana pembeli dan penjual saling berinteraksi. 

Dan ternyata, cara berpikir seperti itu masih relevan meskipun dalam ekonomi modern.

Mari kita bahas pasar mawar. Pada gambar 1.1, kita punya pasar untuk bunga mawar. 

Pada sumbu-x (horizontal), kita letakkan jumlah mawar. Pada sumbu-y (vertikal), kita letakkan harga mawar.

Kurva permintaan menunjukkan hubungan antara harga dan jumlah dari sudut pandang konsumen. 





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