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  All of this choice has two negative effects on people. One effect, paradoxically, is that it produces paralysis rather than liberation. With so many options to choose from, people find it very difficult to choose at all. I'll give you one very dramatic example of this, a study that was done of investments in voluntary retirement plans. A colleague of mine got access to investment records from Vanguard, the gigantic mutual fund company, of about a million employees and about 2,000 different workplaces. What she found is that for every 10 mutual funds the employer offered, rate of participation went down two percent. You offer 50 funds -- 10 percent fewer employees participate than if you only offer five. Why? Because with 50 funds to choose from, it's so damn hard to decide which fund to choose, that you'll just put it off till tomorrow, and then tomorrow and then tomorrow and tomorrow, and, of course, tomorrow never comes. Understand that not only does this mean that peop...

  What else? Anything else come to mind with drunkards?   A drunker is also somebody that makes rash or extreme decisions without a lot of For Thought .  Good Okay so drunkards are non-rational. And you were gonna say something?  Some of the important scenes happen under the influence of alchohol. Good instead of driving Under the Influence,  we have Russian Under the Influence (RUI) Okay there are lots of RUI scenes  Even people you wouldn't expect so razumikhin who's his friend gets a little tipsy every now and then, he never out of control but he gets a little tipsy. But marmalad is the guy. And what Dostoevsky was originally gonna write about was a novel of  poverty  lower class life in Petersburg  drunkenness  unemployment  an inability to keep the family going  It's marmeladov, he loses his job every time he gets a new job he loses his job he steals from his wife spends the money on drink over and over and over ...

  This is 1401, microeconomics. I'm Professor John Gruber. I think personally what makes economics most exciting is you can use it to think intelligently about the problems that policymakers face every day as they try to decide how to make the economy work the best for its citizens.  In fact, I teach a whole course about this called 1441. But I'm gonna bring some of those insights into this class and use policy-based examples and things like that to try to motivate and organize our thinking about economics.  Lastly, three points about my teaching style. First of all, I don't write everything on the board. For the freshmen here, we're not in high school anymore. You need to pay attention and listen to what I say, not just what I write. So it's important to remember that. The second point is, as you can tell, I talk really fast and my handwriting is really bad. So please don't be afraid to ask "what the hell" I just said or wrote. If you don't know, ...

  Pada awalnya kecemasan itu senjata utama binatang. Tapi begitu kecemasan kita menumpuk, itu menjadi gangguan kecemasan. Ada anciety, ada anciety disorder. Anciety sehat, tapi disorder gak sehat, gitu..  Nah, pada saat kecemasan itu hilang sesaat, timbul kebahagiaan pada binatang, semua binatang ya. Yang namanya happiness pada binatang itu sama dengan  kegembiraan.  Jadi pada saat harimau menerkam kijang, pada saat itu dia merasakan kebahagiaan. Tapi kebahagiaan itu hilang, justru pada saat dia mulai makan. Hilang kebahagiaanya..  Jadi pada saat dia makan, justr kebahagiaanya itu hilang. Tapi yang namanya kebahagiaan itu candu. Otak kita akan mencari itu lagi. Jadi akhirnya setelah makan, harimau itu mencari sensasi kegembiraan (mencari mangsa lagi). Itu yang mendrive kehidupan binatang. Ya hanya binatang yang punya otak, jamur gak punya, tumbuhan gak punya, bakteri gak punya, monera gak punya. Jadi kerajaan kehidupan yang punya otak ya binatang. Pada saat anca...

  Consumers are gonna maximize their utility subject to a budget constraint. How do consumers put them together? Graphically, the representation of preferences was our indifference curves. That represented people's indifference with further out indifference curves made people happy.  So, essentially, what we're gonna ask graphically is what is the highest indifference curve you can achieve given your budget ?  We know you want to be that highest indifference curve possible by more is better. So we're simply gonna ask what is the highest indifference curve you can reach given your budget. Utility is square root of P times C, OK? And let's consider the same budget we wrote down up here-- $72 income, $12 price of pizza, $6 price of cookies. And now let's ask where can you go with that.  So, in figure 3-4, you have our budget constraint, which runs from 6 pizzas to 12 cookies. That's the original budget constraint. And you have a series...

  Nabi Muhammad, itu meminta kaum muslimin mewajibkanya untuk mempermudah agama, jangan mempersulit. Kaum musliminya malah mempersulit. Nabi itu mewajibkan kaum muslimin itu untuk bersatu, jangan bikin jama'ah2.. mereka malah bikin jama'ah2, tidak bersatu saling menghujat, menyesatkan satu sama lain. Jadi semua ajaran Nabi, itu dibalik sama mereka, tetapi ngakunya islam. Jadi dibajak islam itu. Jadi semua ajaranya dibalikin, dibalikin semuanya. Udah gitu diakuin ini adalah islam. Makanya sekarang tidak berkembang, teknologi tidak jadi apa2 tapi ketergantungan sama orang2 yang disebut kafir tadi. Ekonomi juga tidak berkembang kecuali membuat kerusakan di muka bumi. Gitu ya.. dengan minyak bumi dan gas alam dan sebagainya. Dan mereka bangga dengan itu, mereka jadi kaya raya, tajir melintir, justru dengan jualan bahan2 yang merusak lingkungan. Padahal, demi allah mereka tahu, ada dalil yang melarang kerusakan di muka bumi, di daratan dan di lautan, mereka hafal.  Setelah hafal ap...

  "The Drunkards" That was the original crime.  Why does that make sense? or not?  Why might he have thought of calling it "The Drunkards" when he first wrote.... Seems like he kind of viewed the people of St Petersburg as a drunk population dirty population.  And what does it mean to say they're "drunk population"?  There's just like a lot of taverns and that it was kind of dirty And scenes in this novel take place in taverns  The Drunkards is sort of drunk off of his own foolishness. That's good a metaphoric use of drunkers Raskolnikov is drunk off his own what did you say his own Notions, his own ideas, his own theories. Alright, That's good so let's separate that from Raskolnikov Theories.  Anybody else? The parallels between Marmeladov  and Raskolnikov.... Excellent between their what?  their Journeys  In fact marmalad was the original hero of the novel. So he's drunker Numero Uno in the book. "Para Pemabuk" — itulah...