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Showing posts from August, 2025

The Paradox of Choice (2) - Salad Dressings - Prof. Barry Schwartz

  Salad Dressing . I'll give you some examples  of what modern progress has made possible for us.  This is my supermarket.  Not such a big one.  I want to say just a word about salad dressing.  A hundred seventy-five salad dressings in my supermarket. If  you don't count the 10 extra-virgin olive oils  and 12 balsamic vinegars you could buy   to make a very large number of your own salad dressings,  in the off-chance that none of the 175 the store has on offer suit you.  So this is what the supermarket is like.  Paradox Of Choice Aku akan memberikan contoh untukmu. Misal aku mempunyai Supermarket, meskipun tidak terlalu besar.  Akan aku tunjukkan salah satu etalasenya pada Salad Dressing (Bumbu dari Salad).   175 Bumbu dari salad itu ada di Supermarket ku. Jika kau menghitungnya misal  10 minyak zaitun perasan pertama, dan 12 cuka balsam yang engkau bisa membelinya di dalam jumlah besar di campuran saus salad mu....

Prof Jonathan Gruber (8) - The Market, Market of roses, and Demand Curve

Let's talk about the graphics and the math. So now let's talk about an example of a supply demand model. And let's focus on the market for roses.  What is a market? A market is what it sounds like.  It's buyers and sellers coming together.  A market is a place where buyers and sellers come together to make transactions.  Think of it like the old timey markets of ancient England, where literally the only way to transact  was physically being in the same place where the buyers and sellers would come to market once a week, and the people who bring their cows  and people who wanted milk would come in, or meat, would come in and they would transact.  Think of the market that way. Now, of course, that's not how the modern market works. But that's the way we want you to intuitively think of a market, is literally a place where buyers and sellers are interacting.  And it turns out that intuition will work, even given the modern economy.  Let's talk a...

Prof Jonathan Gruber (6) - The Economics and Simplifying Assumption

  Of course you're never just trading off two goods. But we're gonna write our models like you are. And it's going to turn out that gives you all the intuition you need for a model with this three or four goods. It's just a lot easier math.  So it turns out everything you learn in the models of two goods tells you everything you need to know for a model with goods just with easier math.  So that's the kind of simplifying assumption.  That's fairly non-offensive simplifying assumption because it doesn't really change anything. We'll make other simplifying assumptions which are noxious and offensive and we'll talk about those. And if you are offended by them and bothered It's just a lot easier math So it turns out everything you learn in the model of two goods tells you everything you need to know for a model with goods just with easier math. So that's the kind of simplifying assumption That's a fa...

Dr. Muhammad Hasan Utsman (5) - 'A-id, Marji'ud Dhomir , Alfiyyah Ibnu Malik bait 88

  Perbedaan ketiga atau keempat adalah pada "ṣilah" (kata sambung) antara isim (kata benda) maushul.  Dalam isim maushul (kata sambung jenis isim), terdapat ḍamīr (kata ganti) atau ‘ā’id (kata kembali) yang kembali kepada ism maushul -nya. Contohnya adalah dalam firman Allah: "...قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ" Yang dimaksud di sini adalah "التي" (yang wanita itu), dan ini merupakan huruf maushul (kata sambung huruf). Namun, dalam ṣilah -nya (kalimat yang mengikuti huruf maushul), tidak terdapat ḍamīr atau ‘ā’id yang kembali kepada huruf maushul tersebut. Maka ketika Syaikh, al-‘Allāmah Ibn Mālik berkata  "maushūl al-asmā’",  Beliau ingin mengingatkan kita untuk memperhatikan bahwa yang dimaksudkannya adalah ismā’ maushūlah (kata sambung jenis isim), bukan huruf2 maushūlah . Huruf maushul yang saya sebut tadi adalah seperti  "أن" yang berfungsi men-nashab  fi'il mudhāri’, seperti dalam kalimat setelah ودّ (b...

The Paradox of Choice (10) - Satisfaction and Opportunity Cost - Prof. Barry Schwartz

  Second, what economists call  "opportunity costs".  And you've made a big  point this morning of  talking about  how much  the way in which we  value things  depends on what we  compare them to. Well, when there are lots of alternatives to consider, it's easy to imagine the attractive features of alternatives that you reject that make you less satisfied with the alternative that you've chosen. Here's an example. I can't stop thinking about those other available parking spaces on West 85th Street  If you're not a New Yorker, I apologize.  Here's what you're supposed to be thinking.  Here's this couple on the Hamptons. Very expensive real estate.  Gorgeous beach. Beautiful day. They have it all to themselves.  What could be better?  " Damn it, " this guy is thinking,  " It's August, Everybody in my Manhattan neighborhood is away.  I could be parking right in front of my building. "  And he sp...

Prof. Michael Katz - Crime and Punishment (6) - The empty glass

  Do you remember what he does right at the end of his speech?   just before he collapses, sort of collapses..  Anybody remember that part of his speech? That's the part I'm gonna read, so I don't want you to remember because you inherit in my version.    Here's where it starts., marmaladov  wanted to refill his glass but there was nothing left in the bottle, the bottle was empty.    Why should anyone feel sorry for you?  demanded The Tavern keeper who turned up next to them  Once again then there was a burst of laughter and even some cursing.  The listeners laughed and cursed.   And even those who weren't listening joined in, simply looking at the sorry sight of the former civil servant.    Sorry.....? why feel sorry for me? marmalad cried suddenly standing up his arms outstretched. Now genuinely inspired as if he'd been waiting for those words.  Why feel sorry for me you ask. No......